Understanding CBD, THC and Other Cannabinoids

Exploring the active compounds in cannabis and hemp

Cannabis is a plant rich in complexity — not just in history and culture, but in chemistry too. At the heart of its therapeutic potential are cannabinoids, naturally occurring compounds found in the cannabis plant that interact with the human body in fascinating ways.

You’ve probably heard of CBD and THC, but they’re just two of over 100+ known cannabinoids, each with unique properties and potential effects. This guide aims to demystify them — starting with the most well-known, and gently expanding into the lesser-known but equally exciting ones.

What are cannabinoids?

Cannabinoids are chemical compounds produced by the cannabis plant (including both marijuana and hemp). These compounds interact with the endocannabinoid system (ECS) — a regulatory system found in all humans and many animals that plays a role in mood, sleep, pain, appetite, inflammation, memory and more.

The body naturally produces its own cannabinoids (called endocannabinoids), and the cannabinoids in cannabis (phytocannabinoids) are similar enough to influence the same system.

CBD (Cannabidiol)

CBD is the non-intoxicating cannabinoid that’s sparked worldwide interest in recent years. It’s commonly extracted from hemp and has been the subject of growing scientific and clinical research.

Key facts:

  • Non-psychoactive: It won’t get you “high”.
  • Widely available under prescription in Australia through the Special Access Scheme or Authorised Prescriber Program.
  • Often used for its calming and balancing potential — without sedating or impairing effects.

CBD is considered safe and well-tolerated by most people and is currently the focus of research in areas such as anxiety, inflammation, sleep and epilepsy. We don’t make medical claims — but we encourage you to explore the evolving research and speak with a prescribing doctor if interested.

THC (Tetrahydrocannabinol)

THC is the cannabinoid most famously associated with the “high” or euphoric feeling of cannabis. But in a medical context, THC is being reconsidered — not just as a recreational compound, but as a potential therapeutic tool.

Key facts:

  • Psychoactive, meaning it can alter perception, mood, and cognition.
  • Available under prescription in Australia for various medical conditions.
  • Often prescribed alongside CBD in a balanced formulation.

THC's effects can vary greatly between individuals. While some may feel relaxed or uplifted, others may experience drowsiness or heightened anxiety, particularly at higher doses.

Other Cannabinoids You Might Hear About

Beyond CBD and THC, researchers are uncovering the potential of minor cannabinoids — less abundant, but just as intriguing:

  • CBN (Cannabinol): Mildly psychoactive, typically formed as THC ages. Being studied for its possible calming or sleep-related properties.
  • CBG (Cannabigerol): Considered the “mother” cannabinoid, as it’s the precursor to both CBD and THC. Early research suggests potential anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties.
  • CBC (Cannabichromene): Non-intoxicating, possibly playing a role in pain regulation and mood.
  • THCV (Tetrahydrocannabivarin): Similar in structure to THC but with distinct, sometimes opposing effects. Currently being explored for its possible impact on appetite and energy.

While most of these are not yet widely prescribed or available in Australia, some are beginning to appear in advanced medical formulations under strict regulation.

A Note on Legality and Access in Australia

In Australia, cannabinoids like CBD and THC are regulated as prescription-only medicines under the Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA). They can be accessed legally through:

  • The Special Access Scheme (SAS-B)
  • Authorised Prescriber Programs
  • Participation in clinical trials

While low-dose CBD is technically listed as a Schedule 3 medicine (over-the-counter), no products are currently approved for sale without a prescription.

Where to Next?

We believe in open access to knowledge, not just products. Whether you're curious about starting a medical cannabis journey, or just want to understand what’s out there, we’re here to help you cut through the confusion.

Have questions? Need help understanding what’s right for you?

We’re not doctors — but we are passionate hemp and cannabis advocates, and we’re always happy to point you in the right direction. Contact us here or stop by one of our stores.